Parkinson's Disease: All that You Need to Know

Causes of Parkinson's Disease

Scientists say that this disease results from impairment or destruction of brain nerve cells in the basal ganglia, which are responsible for body movement control. The reason why they die is still not clear but it is known that these nerve cells produce a chemical called dopamine, which is reduced with their destruction.

Parkinson's causes the body to lose the nerve endings that produce norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter and hormone that is responsible for controlling heart rate and blood pressure in the body. This results in the malfunctioning of the nervous system.

Some Facts about Parkinson's Disease

• Shaking Anyone could be vulnerable to this disease, but, some research suggests that men are more vulnerable than women.

• Most people suffer from this disease after the age of 60 years while, around 5% to 10% develop this disease before 50

• Some forms of this disease are inherited, and some are linked to gene mutations.

Parkinson’s Disease - Symptoms

Parkinson’s Disease symptoms become more noticeable over time as the intensity of changes increases.

Some common Parkinson’s Disease symptoms are:-

• Shaking or tremors in arms, legs, mouth, and face

• Difficulty in movement

• Muscle stiffness

• Progressive loss of balance and coordination

• Changes in emotional behaviour

• Depression, sleep problems

• Problems in chewing, speaking and swallowing

• Digestion problems like constipation

• Skin problems

Symptoms and their intensity differ in every patient - some symptoms could begin on one side and later spread to the whole body. In the beginning, aperson may experience mild difficulties in brain or motor function that family members may notice. These include a person speaking too softly, memory lapses, a lack of expression on the face, or abnormal twitching or movements of body parts.

Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

There is no specific test that can diagnose Parkinson's Disease. A specialized medical practitioner or a neurologist will note down the patient's and family's medical history, their signs & symptoms, and conduct a physical and neurological exam before arriving at a diagnosis.

Around 15% of patients with Parkinson's have some family history of the disorder. But the genetic changes and mutations that cause this are not fully understood. If a patient is exhibiting Parkinson’s disease symptoms, then diagnosis is easier. Non-genetic cases are tougher to diagnose.

Another way doctor's check is if the symptoms have decreased by prescribing Parkinson’s medications. However, some other diseases have similar symptoms as Parkinson's, so getting a proper diagnosis is necessary.

Early diagnosis of this disease is crucial, as certain medications are more effective if administered in the early stages of the disease. Hence, regular checkup for those over 50 years of age, especially with a family history of Parkinson's is important.

Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Three common ways of treating Parkinson's Disease are:

1. Medication–

While they help to reduce and control the symptoms as mentioned below, it should only be consumed as directed and prescribed by physician

• Increases release of dopamine in the brain.

• Improves the movement of brain chemical neurotransmitters which are responsible for transferring information between brain cells.

• Controls the non-motor function related symptoms to some extent

2. Surgical procedure–

Surgery could be useful for patients who do not respond to medications well.

• Doctors implant electrodes in the brain and a small electrical device in the chest and when these both are connected, they control the body's involuntary movements.

3. Other therapies

Other therapies to reduce the symptoms are:

• Physical and speech therapies that could help in managing voice, physical, and mental functions

• Muscle strengthening, balance, and coordination exercises

• Yoga therapy

• Massage therapy

• Nutritious diet along with prescribed medication

Conclusion

Parkinson's is a progressive neurological disease that affects the brain and nervous system and causes loss of motor function. Early diagnosis of this disease is important as certain medications are more effective if administered at an early stage.

This disease can cause major disruptions in a person's life and hence support of family members, friends and one's community can play a major role in disease management and boosting patients' morale.

One of the important components of our overall wellness is also being financially secured. Healthcare emergencies can happen any time, but a good health insurance policy can protect you from such uncertain situations. To know more about Wellness and other health related tips, visit the Wellness Corner.

Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. The information and other content provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials are not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Kindly contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

Source: Seniority

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Published on August 01, 2022