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Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis

Cancer that starts in the cells of the breast is called breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women, after skin cancer. Men can also be affected by breast cancer, but it is more common in women.

Breast cancer is killing fewer and fewer people every year due to more vigilant detection. If people can detect and diagnose the disease earlier, it can be cured or handled better as new treatment methods are constantly being developed.

Breast Cancer Symptoms

Breast cancer symptoms start when cells in the breast grow in a way that isn't normal. From your breast, cells can move to your lymph nodes and other parts of your body. These cells divide more quickly than most cells and keep sticking together to form a mass or lump. Most breast cancer begins in the milk ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma). Breast cancer can begin in other breast cells or tissues or in the glandular tissue called lobules (invasive lobular carcinoma). Breast cancer symptoms are as listed below:

● Changes in nipple area

● Lump or growth in the breast that feels different from surrounding tissue.

● Changes in size, shape, or look of breasts

● Changes in skin of breasts, like dimples

● recently turned-out nipple

● Peeling, scaling, crusting, or flaking of coloured skin around areola or breast.

● Orange-colored spots or pits on breast skin

Causes of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is most likely caused by a complicated mix of your genes and lifestyle. Researchers have found that hormones, behaviour, and environment can affect the likelihood developing breast cancer. But it's unclear why some people at higher risk don't get breast cancer and why others at lower risk do.

Breast Cancer Genes

Doctors think that 5 to 10% of all breast cancers are caused by bad genes passed down from generation to generation. Several genes such genes have been identified such as the breast cancer genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2), which greatly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

If you have a family history of breast cancer or other cancers, your doctor may suggest a blood test to look for specific mutations in BRCA or other genes. Ask your doctor to refer you to a genetic counsellor who can examine your family's medical history. A genetic counsellor can also tell you about the pros, cons, and limits of genetic testing so that you can make an informed decision.

Detection of Breast Cancer:

Early detection of breast cancer is crucial as earlier the breast cancer is detected and addressed, better are the chances of successfully treating it and saving lives.

● A doctor should regularly examine you after you turn 20, especially if you fall in the high risk category.

● Checking your breasts is important. Women should know how their breasts look and feel at different stages in the menstrual cycle, so that they can easily recognize any changes. Breasts may appear smaller of bigger or feel heavier at certain times during the month, so being self-aware is important. Self-exams might be more helpful 3–5 days after your period is over.

● After your period, your breasts go back to their normal shape and feel. Place yourself before a mirror and check for breast cancer symptoms listed above. Also, make sure to feel your breast tissue with your fingers and hands to do a thorough self exam.

● Look for bumps on the surface with light pressure and deeper tissue with firm pressure. Most bumps aren't caused by cancer. See a doctor if you find a new or strange lump in your breast. Mammography is an easy way to look for problems in the breast tissue by using x-rays.

● Gently squeeze each nipple, and if any discharge comes out, go see a doctor. Also, let her know if a nipple moves or changes shape. After the age of 40, women should start getting regular mammograms.

● Women at higher risk should start getting mammograms or breast ultrasounds as early as their early twenties. An ultrasound can also be used to check for breast cancer before 40 years. Mammograms may not stop breast cancer, but they help in early detection which is the best way to combat breast cancer and treat it.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Nowadays, breast cancer is detected early on, thanks to routine mammograms and screening programmes for everyone. If you have any breast cancer symptoms, you should go for a consultation immediately. The doctor will first perform a physical breast exam and then if there is cause for concern, order for a biopsy of breast tissue for a definitive diagnosis.

Conclusion

Breast cancer is a serious disease but evolving detection methods have made it easier over the years to detect and diagnose it. The earlier breast cancer is detected, the better are the chances that the treatment will be effective and save lives. Hence, people, especially those at higher risk, need to be alert and conduct regular self-exams as well as submit to doctor's consultation, breast exam, and mammograms to ensure early detection.

Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. The information and other content provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials are not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Kindly contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

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Published on July 29, 2022