Poliomyelitis : Causes
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Understanding the Causes of Polio (EST READ TIME: 3 minutes)
What Causes Polio?
Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is a severe and potentially fatal disease caused by the poliovirus. This highly contagious ailment spreads easily through faeces or droplets from coughing or sneezing. The virus primarily affects the nerves in the spinal cord and brainstem, resulting in paralysis of certain limbs and breathing difficulties, and, in severe cases, even death. The naturally occurring poliovirus has been eradicated in most countries, but the vaccine-derived poliovirus is more widespread and is responsible for most infections worldwide. Vaccination is crucial to control the spread of the virus. Here, you will learn about the causes of polio in detail.
Causes
Polio is caused by a virus called poliovirus. The naturally occurring poliovirus, called the wild-type poliovirus, has been eradicated in most countries. On the other hand, the vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is more prevalent worldwide. VDPV is found mainly in countries that use an oral vaccine containing a weakened poliovirus. If majority of people in a community receive proper vaccination, it can help control the spread of this virus.
How Does Polio Spread?
Polio is a highly infectious disease. It can easily spread from person to person. Even individuals who may not show symptoms of the disease can carry the poliovirus and pass it on to others through faeces or droplets from coughing or sneezing. The virus enters the body through the mouth and can be transmitted easily. Ways through which polio can spread are as follows:
• Drinking contaminated water
• Eating food cooked in contaminated water
• Eating or cooking with utensils that have been washed with contaminated water
• Swimming in polluted water
• Being close to someone with polio
• Touching contaminated surfaces
• Coming in contact with the faeces of an infected person
• Droplets from coughing and sneezing
• Washing your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom or changing diapers
Conclusion
Polio primarily affects small children below the age of 5. Although many countries have been declared polio-free, the virus is still active in nations that have not started immunisation programs. According to the World Health Organization, a single confirmed case of polio can put children in all countries at risk.
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Source: mayoclinic, my.clevelandclinic, cdc.gov
Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. The information and other content provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials are not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Kindly contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.
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Published on February 15, 2024
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