Dengue during Pregnancy: Effects, Prevention, Cure

Impact of Dengue on Pregnancy

Dengue fever during pregnancy can have various effects on both the mother and the developing foetus, depending on stage of pregnancy and the severity of infection. Here are some key points to consider —

Maternal risks

• Increased risk of severe dengue:

Pregnant women may be more susceptible to developing severe dengue, leading to complications such as dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.

• Dehydration:

Fever and reduced appetite associated with dengue can lead to dehydration, which is concerning during pregnancy.

• Premature labour:

Dengue in pregnancy may increase the risk of premature labour and delivery.

• Postpartum haemorrhage:

Some studies suggest an increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage in women who have had dengue during pregnancy.

• Foetal risks

• Miscarriage:

There is a potential increased risk of miscarriage, especially if dengue occurs in the first trimester.

• Low birth weight:

Babies born to mothers diagnosed with dengue during pregnancy may have a lower birth weight.

• Preterm birth:

The chances of preterm birth may be elevated in cases of dengue in pregnancy.

• Vertical transmission:

In rare cases, dengue can be transmitted from mother to foetus, potentially leading to neonatal dengue.

It's important to note that while these risks exist, many pregnant women who contract dengue do go on to have healthy pregnancies and babies. The key lies in early detection, proper management, and close monitoring throughout the pregnancy.

Preventive Measures for Pregnant Women

Prevention is crucial when it comes to dengue during pregnancy. Here are some effective measures pregnant women can take to decrease their chances of contracting dengue —

• Use mosquito repellents:

Choose pregnancy-safe repellents and use them as directed.

• Wear protective clothing:

Long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and socks can help prevent mosquito bites.

• Use mosquito nets:

Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, especially during daytime naps.

• Eliminate standing water:

Remove any stagnant water sources around the home, as these are breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

• Keep surroundings clean:

Maintain a clean environment to discourage mosquito breeding.

• Use screens:

Ensure windows and doors have proper screens to keep mosquitoes out.

• Stay indoors when mosquitoes are most active:

Aedes mosquitoes, which transmit dengue, are most active during early morning and late afternoon.

• Use air conditioning:

When possible, stay in air-conditioned environments, as mosquitoes are less active in cooler temperatures.

• Participate in community clean-up drives:

Join local efforts to eradicate mosquito breeding sites in the vicinity.

• Educate others:

Spread awareness about dengue in pregnancy and prevention methods among family and friends.

• Attend prenatal appointments:

Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor for any signs of dengue and ensure overall health during pregnancy.

By adopting these preventive measures, pregnant women can significantly reduce their risk of contracting dengue and protect both themselves and their unborn children.

Treatment options

While there is no specific cure for dengue, proper management of symptoms is crucial, especially in cases of dengue fever during pregnancy. It's important to note that treatment should always be under the guidance of a healthcare professional who can tailor the mode of treatment to the individual needs of the pregnant woman. Here are some general considerations —

1. Supportive care

◦ Adequate rest is essential for recovery and to support the body's immune response.

◦ Maintaining proper hydration is crucial, especially during pregnancy.

◦ Keeping the body temperature under control is important for both the mother and foetus.

2. Monitoring

◦ Frequent monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure and temperature, is essential.

◦ Regular blood tests may be necessary to monitor platelet counts and other indicators of dengue severity.

◦ Close monitoring of foetal health and development is crucial in cases of dengue during pregnancy.

3. Hospitalisation

In severe cases or when there are signs of complications, hospitalisation may be necessary to ensure close monitoring and immediate medical attention if needed.

4. Nutritional support

Maintaining proper nutrition is vital for both the mother and the developing foetus.

5. Pain management

Safe pain relief options may be considered under medical supervision.

It's crucial to emphasise that self-medication should be strictly avoided in cases of dengue in pregnancy. All treatment decisions should be made in consultation with healthcare professionals who can weigh the risks and benefits for both mother and child.

FAQs related to Dengue in Pregnancy

People have several questions relating to dengue and pregnancy. Here, we have tried addressing few of them:

1. Can dengue be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy?

In rare cases, transmission of dengue from mother to foetus can occur. Close monitoring during pregnancy and after birth is important.

2. Are there any safe mosquito repellents for use during pregnancy?

Some mosquito repellents are considered safe for use during pregnancy, but it's best to consult a healthcare provider for specific recommendations.

3. How is dengue diagnosed during pregnancy?

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and clinical evaluation. Healthcare providers will consider both dengue symptoms and pregnancy-related factors.

4. Can dengue cause miscarriage?

There is a potential increased risk of miscarriage with dengue in pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. Early detection and proper management are crucial.

5. How long after having dengue is it safe to become pregnant?

It's generally advisable to wait for a full recovery and to consult with a healthcare provider before planning a pregnancy after having dengue.

6. Are pregnant women more likely to get dengue?

Pregnant women are not necessarily more likely to contract dengue, but they may be at a higher risk of developing severe dengue if infected.

7. How can I differentiate between dengue symptoms and normal pregnancy discomfort?

Many symptoms can overlap, so consulting with a healthcare provider if there are any concerns is vital. Dengue typically includes high fever, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain.

8. Is it safe to breastfeed if I've had dengue during pregnancy?

In most cases, breastfeeding is safe and encouraged even if the mother has had dengue. However, consulting with a healthcare provider for personalised advice is best.