Is Tuberculosis Communicable?

Is Tuberculosis A Contagious Disease?

Yes, TB is a contagious disease that mainly affects the lungs. Experts divide TB into 2 categories – inactive or latent TB infection and active TB disease. In case of inactive type, it will not cause any symptoms and will not transmit from one person to another. On other hand, active TB disease causes symptoms which may transmit to others, and may also be fatal without any treatment.

How does Tuberculosis Spread?

Tuberculosis (TB) primarily spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, releasing tiny infectious droplets containing the TB bacteria into the air. People nearby on inhaling this air can get infected. Even close and prolonged contact with an infected person increases the risk of transmission. Crowded gatherings also boost the chances.

If TB spreads to the kidneys, spine, or brain, then it is generally not transmissible to others. TB is typically only infectious if it is in the throat or lungs. Notably, if you have active tuberculosis and are on treatment for it for more than 2 to 3 weeks, you usually stop being contagious.

Below are the ways through which a person cannot transmit TB-

• Kissing

• Hugging

• Handshake

• Sitting in the same places

• Sharing clothes

Who's at Risk for Tuberculosis? 

Your body generally fights most infections, and tuberculosis disease is no exception. However, the concern arises if you have a weak immune system. Apart from this, people who are most at risk of active TB include:

• If someone has cancer or is undergoing treatment for it

• Having HIV can worsen tuberculosis infection

• Using steroids for a long time

• Having diabetes

• Heavily drinking alcohol or using drugs for a long

• Having kidney complications

How to Reduce Your Risk for Tuberculosis ?

Following tips can help prevent latent infection from developing into TB disease:

• If you have latent tuberculosis, take prescribed drugs to control the infection.

• Stay home, isolate, and ventilate the room if you have active tuberculosis disease.

• Wear face masks around others.

• Cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing.

• Infants should get the BCG vaccine in high-risk areas to help fight the disease.

• If you travel, avoid crowds in tuberculosis-prevalent regions like Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands.