The Different Stages of Varicose Veins

Stages of Varicose veins

First Stage — Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI):

• CVI marks the initial stage of varicose veins, triggered by malfunctioning valves in the veins.

• Valves failing to close properly result in venous reflux, causing blood to pool in extremities.

• Symptoms include heaviness, cramping, red spots, skin sheen, and occasional swelling after prolonged sitting or standing.

• Detecting faulty valves through venous ultrasound at this stage allows for early intervention before visible varicose veins appear.

Second Stage — Formation of Enlarged Veins:

• Continuous pooling and stretching of blood leads to development of varicose veins.

• Varicose veins are large, twisted, dark blue vessels protruding above the skin, often accompanied by spider veins.

• Seeking treatment at this stage is common for those aiming to eliminate unsightly veins.

Third Stage — Increasing Discomfort

• Discomfort may escalate as varicose veins progress, with symptoms like burning, itchiness, and aching during the day, progressing to night-time pain.

• Compression socks, elevation, and anti-inflammatory medication may provide temporary relief, but long-term solutions require proper treatment.

Fourth Stage — Oedema (Swelling):

• Prolonged CVI can result in swelling, particularly in the legs, due to overflowing veins and fluid accumulation.

• If left untreated, varicose veins may lead to oedema, i.e., chronic swelling affecting tissues surrounding the varicose vein.

Fifth Stage — Skin Changes:

• Reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to the skin results in noticeable changes.

• Symptoms include redness, inflammation, hyperpigmentation, and a tough, leathery texture.

• Skin becomes more susceptible to breakage and infection due to compromised strength and health.

Sixth Stage — Ulceration (Venous Ulcer):

• Venous ulceration represents an advanced stage of varicose veins, characterised by slow-healing open sores.

• Venous ulcers are challenging to treat, have a high recurrence rate, and signify the severe progression of the venous disorder.