Different Types of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic-depressive illness/manic depression, is a mental condition which results in atypical fluctuations in an individual's mood, energy levels, engagement in activities, and ability to focus. These variations can create challenges in performing everyday activities. While bipolar disorder is a common term, it’s essential to recognise which type it is. Read on to understand these bipolar types and characteristics.

What are the 4 types of Bipolar Disorder?

According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness there are four types of bipolar disorder. These include:

1. Bipolar Disorder Type 1: Severe Mood Swings

• The most severe form of bipolar disorder

• Involves at least one-lifetime episode of extreme mania

• May also include periods of depression, although a major depressive episode is not required for diagnosis

2. Bipolar Disorder Type 2: Depressive Dominance

• Similar to Bipolar 1 but always includes depressive episodes and occasional hypomania

• Considered a distinct diagnosis, not a milder form of Bipolar 1

• Some individuals with Bipolar type 2 may progress to Bipolar 1 over time

3. Cyclothymic Disorder: A Rare Form

• Also known as cyclothymia, this is characterised by less severe mood swings compared to Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2

• Shorter periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms

• May develop into Bipolar 1 or Bipolar 2

4. Unspecified Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified is present when the symptoms do not fit the other three categories, but still involve episodes of unusual manic mood.

Understanding these different types of bipolar disorder is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of bipolar disorder, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.