Which Element Causes Acid Rain?

Causes of Acid Rain

Acid rain in primarily caused by the following elements:

• Sulphur oxide (SO2):

Released from burning fossil fuels like coal and oil, industrial processes, and volcanic eruptions, this element can react with water vapour in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid.

SO2 + O2 + H2O = H2SO4 (sulphur dioxide + certain oxygen molecules + water = sulphuric acid)

• Nitrogen Oxides (Nox):

Produced from vehicle emissions, power plants, and industrial activities, this gaseous element can react with water to form nitric acid.

NO2 + OH = HNO3 (i.e., nitrogen dioxide + hydroxyls) = nitric acid

• Ammonia (NH3):

This element is released from agricultural sources, such as fertilizers and animal waste which can contribute to acidification in certain conditions.

When these elements combine with water vapour in the atmosphere, they form acids that can fall to the ground as acid rain, impacting ecosystems, soil, and built environments.

Consequences of Acid Rain

• Increased exposure to acids causes breathing difficulties and lung infection and increases one’s risk of heart diseases

• It causes damage to the stone and metal structures, making them look old and worn out

• Releases aluminium content into the soil, thereby causing plants to lose their nutrients and moisture-retention capacity

• Acid rain, flowing into rivers and lakes, causes damage to marine living organisms

FAQs

1. Why acid rain is dangerous for plants?

When acid rain seeps into the soil, it eats away the important nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium. This can make it difficult for plants and trees to grow.

2. Does acid rain cause a burning sensation on your skin?

No, acid rain is not too acidic to cause burns or blisters on your skin. However, increased exposure can cause you to ingest sulphur and nitrogen gases, causing lung infections, breathing ailments, and other ailments.