Can X-ray detect lung cancer?

Will a chest X-ray show lung cancer?

The first test usually done when doctors suspect lung cancer is a chest X-ray. An X-ray shows tumours as a white-grey mass, but it doesn't give a definitive diagnosis as an X-ray cannot distinguish between cancer and lung abscess. If your X-ray shows tumours, you will be referred to a specialist who will recommend a series of tests to confirm whether it's lung cancer, and if it is, what is the type and stage of carcinoma.

What can a chest X-ray reveal about lung cancer?

A chest X-ray can reveal where the tumour is growing in your lungs but cannot exactly diagnose non-small scale lung cancer (NSCLC) on its own. It can also point some abnormalities based on which your doctor can suggest if more tests are required.

A chest X-ray can show some features of NSCLC, such as —

• Bronchial stenosis

An NSCLC tumour can lead to bronchial stenosis, i.e., a narrowing of the bronchial tubes or airways that connect your lungs to the trachea. Bronchial stenosis indicates squamous cell carcinoma.

• Decreased lung density

This indicates lung cancer but can also cause pneumonia and respiratory distress.

• Hilar mass

When there's a growth near the lungs, it is called hilar mass, which is a sign of lung cancer.

• Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)

This oval or round spot is often non-cancerous but can be an early sign of lung cancer.

• Pleural effusion

When the space between the lungs gets filled with fluid, it is called pleural effusion. If pleural effusion is found along with a tumour, it means cancer has spread to the space between the lungs.

• Non-resolving pneumonia

This is one of the first signs of lung cancer.

• Metastasis

This indicates cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The X-rays can tell if the cancer cells have spread to nearby areas like the lymph nodes.

Limitations

While chest X-rays give useful information, there can be limitations. For instance, a 2019 study found that X-rays miss 2 out of every 10 lung carcinoma instances. The reasons can be poor imaging quality, bones or other body parts blocking small tumours, or when the X-ray technician doesn't position you properly, the tumours will not be shown in the X-ray images.

Conclusion

A chest X-ray cannot diagnose lung cancer on its own but can provide some insight into the type of cancer, stage, etc. Based on the information, your doctor will advise further tests to confirm if you have developed lung cancer and start the treatment plan.

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Source:healthline.com, nhs.uk

Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related subjects. The information and other content provided in this blog, website or any linked materials are not intended and should not be considered or used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Kindly contact your doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

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Published on October 06, 2023