Waterborne Illnesses: Causes & Symptoms

Common Waterborne Diseases

Some of the most common diseases caused by contaminated water include the following —

• Cholera:

It is a bacterial disease, which is caused by vibrio cholerae and it results in severe diarrhoea and dehydration.

• Typhoid Fever:

Caused by Salmonella typhi, it is characterised by high fever, fatigue, and pain in the abdomen.

• Dysentery:

It is severe diarrhoea with blood and it can be due to bacteria/viruses/parasites.

• Hepatitis A:

A waterborne viral disease that primarily affects the liver and results in symptoms such as yellowing of skin, weakness and pain in abdomen.

Causes of Waterborne Illnesses

Illnesses caused by contaminated water are primarily due to the presence of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Some common causes include —

• Poor Sanitation:

Lack of proper waste disposal and sanitation facilities can contaminate water sources.

• Industrial Waste:

Discharge of untreated industrial waste into waterbodies introduces toxic chemicals and pathogens.

• Agricultural Runoff:

Pesticides and fertilisers used in farming can seep into water sources, leading to contamination.

• Natural Disasters:

Floods and hurricanes can disrupt clean water supplies, merging clean and contaminated water.

Symptoms

Recognising the symptoms of water-related diseases can lead to early intervention and prevention of further spread. Common symptoms include —

• Diarrhoea:

Often severe and persistent, leading to dehydration.

• Vomiting:

Frequent vomiting can contribute to fluid loss and dehydration.

• Abdominal Pain:

Cramping and pain in the stomach.

• Fever:

High body temperature, indicating an infection.

• Jaundice:

Yellowing of the skin and eyes, particularly in cases of Hepatitis A.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing illnesses is essential for maintaining good health. Here are some strategies —

• Boiling Water:

This kills most pathogens, making water safe to drink.

• Using Water Filters:

Using filters can help remove contaminants from drinking water.

• Practising Good Hygiene:

Washing hands properly with soap and water can prevent the spread of pathogens.

• Proper Sanitation:

Ensuring proper waste disposal and avoiding open defecation is essential.

• Avoiding Contaminated Water Sources:

Steering clear of swimming or bathing in contaminated water.